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> 1) Now to checkout and modify any file, do I need to checkout the files with ", v" in "c:\repository" folder or the files in "c:\project" folder? In CVS "checkout" will create a new "sandbox" and usually is done once (per module). A "sandbox" is a working directory under CVS control and is *outside* the repository. CVSNT has an option to initialize a sandbox while importing. Otherwise, you have to import first and then checkout. Think the repository as a "black box", or a kind of database. How data are stored there is a CVS matter, not users'. Usually the repository is on a remote machine, while the sandbox is local, but you can have a local repository. Neverthless, you always work in a sandbox, never in the repository. You work in the sanbox and update and commit files with the names they have there. To pull files from the repository once the sandbox has been initialized, CVS uses the "update" command. The files are pulled from the repository and put in the sandbox (c:\project in your case). > 2) Does CVSNT need to have "c:\project" folder for checkin and checkout operations and maintaining the repository? As explained above, you have to checkout files in a sandbox to work within. Then you can send modified files to the repository via commits and CVS will keep track of versions. > 3) Can I take a backup of "c:\project" directory and remove it from my hard disk? Yes, but then you can no longer work - unless you checkout files in another sanbox. > 4) Also can I checkout/checkin individual files rather than a whole module? AFAIK in CVS "checkout" will pull a whole module because it is used to create a sandbox. Once you have a sandbox, you can use update and commit to work on individual files.